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Timing strength training to the menstrual cycle: does it matter?

Subject: Menstrual Cycle Phase Does Not Influence Training-Induced Muscle Hypertrophy or Strength: A Randomized Controlled Trial

What this means

All training conditions produced more muscle mass and strength than no training. Training extra hard in one specific cycle phase gave no advantage over evenly spread training.

Alysha C D'Souza, Derrick W Van Every, Stuart M Phillips, and co-authors (15-author group; full list on the PubMed record) · 2026 · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

What does this rating mean?

Multiple consistent meta-analyses or a position stand. Sufficient basis for a fixed choice in the coaching.

Findings

All resistance-trained conditions produced significantly greater hypertrophy and strength than the untrained control leg, but there were no differences among the three training conditions — concentrating training volume in the follicular or luteal phase produced no advantage over evenly distributed volume, providing direct experimental refutation of cycle-phase-based periodisation.

Who this applies to

Healthy women with regular menstrual cycles.

Size of the research

One trial with twenty-four women; each leg was assigned its own training condition.

What to keep in mind

A small group, followed over three consecutive cycles. The study says little about longer training periods.

Practical conclusion for REZA

Direct experimental confirmation of the same point: concentrating training volume around a specific cycle phase gave no extra benefit — evenly distributed volume works just as well.

View method and source

Methodology

Randomized controlled trial (RCT)

Population

24 eumenorrheic females; unilateral within-participant design across 3 menstrual cycles (12.2 ± 1.3 weeks of training)

Intervention

Within-participant unilateral design with 4 leg conditions: non-trained control (CON), standard even-volume training (EX), higher-volume in the follicular phase (HV-FOL), and higher-volume in the luteal phase (HV-LUT)

Outcome measures

Muscle hypertrophy (muscle size) and muscle strength

Limitations

Small sample (n=24) though strengthened by a within-participant unilateral design; eumenorrheic, mostly young women only; ~12-week duration may be too short to detect small long-term divergences; unilateral leg training limits generalisation to whole-body programmes.

Original source

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000004031 · PMID: 42160459

View on PubMed →

This information is general education about scientific research. It is not personal medical advice and does not replace diagnosis or treatment by a doctor or other healthcare professional. If you have symptoms, a medical condition or take medication, consult your GP or treating professional before changing your training or nutrition.